Clear and Consistent Navigation

Navigation of a website or app is critically important for all users, so designs should be clear and consistent across all pages and views. Organize menu items in a logical way with succinct labels. Before you start the visual design of the menu, it can be helpful to draft a sitemap to build a structured overview of all content.


Multiple Ways to Navigate

To accommodate a wide variety of users, be thoughtful in creating designs that provide multiple ways to locate pages. These may include:

  • Search
  • Menu
  • Breadcrumb
  • Sitemap

Providing multiple means of navigation ensures that no matter what the user’s approach, they’ll find the experience to be seamless and intuitive.

A page titled Group Walks has a small breadcrumb above it that reads Events and then Group Walks. An overlay covers half the screen and contains a search field and a vertically-stacked menu. Green checkmarks indicate each of the three navigation elements.

This website offers three ways to navigate: breadcrumb, search, and menu.


Dropdowns and Other Hidden Panels

In interactive design, important content and functionality are often contained in panels that are visually hidden. Examples of these panels include:

  • Dropdowns
  • Drawers
  • Modals
  • Accordions
  • Tabs

Ensure any user interaction required to access hidden content is clearly labeled. Buttons to toggle visibility should be keyboard accessible, and should not require hovering with a mouse.

An accordion-style menu, each collapsed segment has an arrow icon pointing down. One segment that says Classes is expanded, and the arrow is pointing up.

The top-level items in this menu each have a visible label along with an icon to indicate they are expandable.

People use a variety of methods to interact with an interface, including:

  • Mouse
  • Keyboard
  • Voice activation
  • Sip and puff 

Ensure interactions don’t involve complex or precise gestures that can be a barrier for users with motor or cognitive disabilities.

Two examples of a site menu with a dropdown. The first is annotated with arrows indicating the path to navigate from one submenu to the next, involving two 90-degree turns. The second is simplified, with only one submenu in a dropdown, with a sidebar visible on the page behind it.

The nested sub-menus in the first example can be quite difficult to navigate if hovering outside collapses them. Instead, the sub-menu can be activated on click instead of hover, and the second nested menu can be placed in a static sidebar.


WCAG 2.1 AA Success Criteria